Glossary of terms
| 5HT3 anatgonist | a medicine which can treat or prevent nausea by interacting with the brain's 5HT3 receptors |
| Androgen | general term for any male sex hormone |
| Androgen receptor | chemical receptor in the body through which agents such as testosterone exhibit their effects |
| Anti-androgen | a substance that has the effect of countering the male sex hormone androgen |
| Anti-emetic | a substance that has the effect of countering nausea and vomiting |
| Anti-estrogen | a substance that has the effect of countering the female hormone estrogen |
| Anti-resorptive | agent that can prevent the breakdown of bone |
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia | non-cancerous swelling of the male prostate gland |
| Bisphosphonate | a type of medicine used to treat or prevent osteoporosis |
| Bone anabolics | agents designed to increase bone formation |
| Emesis | the act or induction of vomiting |
| Endocrinologists/endocrinology | medical specialty involved in the disorders of the body's hormonal systems |
| Enoximone | substance with vasodilating properties |
| Estradiol glucoside (E2G) | estrogen linked to sugar molecules |
| Estrogen | the main circulating female hormone |
| Flutamide | androgen receptor blocker |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy mainly for the treatment of post menopausal women |
| Hyperparathyroidism | disease caused by over-activity of the parathyroid gland which can lead to kidney disease and osteoporosis |
| Hypogonadism | insufficiency of the secretion of hormones produced by the testes |
| Marketing authorisation | a grant of licence by a regulatory authority giving permission to market a pharmaceutical product |
| MHRA | Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, the government regulatory authority in the UK for pharmaceutical and/or medicinal products |
| Nitrates | class of medicines to treat angina |
| Nitric oxide | nitric oxide is a highly reactive molecule that protects the body from a number of pathogens and general microbial invasion |
| OARA | osteoclast adhesion receptor antagonists prevent the attachement of the cells which break down bone |
| Osteoblast | cells that form bone |
| Osteoclast | cells that break down bone |
| Osteoporosis | a condition causing bone to become brittle and susceptible to fracture due to progressive loss of calcium and protein from bone tissue |
| Phase I | clinical trials normally conducted in healthy human volunteers following preclinical trials |
| Phase II | clinical trials to assess short term safety and preliminary efficacy in a limited number of patients with the relevant disease |
| Phase IIa | inital Phase II trials |
| Phase IIb | Phase II clinical trials undertaken prior to Phase III clinical trials usually involving varying levels of dosage |
| Phase III | clinical trials to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of safety and efficacy in patients with the relevant disease |
| PONV | post operative nausea and vomiting |
| Preclinical trials | studies of compounds undertaken in the laboratory in isolated tissues or living animals |
| Products in registration | new medicines which are in the process of review by government agencies with a view to granting marketing authorisation |
| Progestin | a substance with similar properties to the hormone progesterone used to treat certain gynaecological conditions |
| SARM | selective androgen receptor modulator |
| SERM | selective estrogen receptor modulator |
| Steroid hormonal deficiency | lack of adequate amounts of specific chemicals in the body, often related to lack of sex hormones |
| Testosterone | the main male sex hormone |
| Testosterone glucoside (TG) | testosterone linked to sugar molecules |
| Transdermal | used to describe administration of a drug through the skin into the blood stream |
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